Interaction between infectious and non-communicable diseases: Contemporary challenges and trends

Title : Interaction between infectious and non-communicable diseases: Contemporary challenges and trends

Abstract:

The morbidity rate in Russia is primarily driven by the increase in certain chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular diseases (CVD) associated with atherosclerosis, cancers, endocrine and metabolic disorders. On the other hand, Russia ranks among the top in the European region in terms of the spread of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The total number of deaths from coronavirus infection in Russia is 400,023 people. Several non-communicable diseases are associated with an increased risk of death from infection. According to a number of studies, the most severe complications from viral infections develop in elderly individuals and in patients with NCDs. Infectious diseases and NCDs often share common determinants. Overall, social, behavioral, biological risk factors, as well as environmental factors, create a background for the development of both individual diseases and their comorbidity. There is a bidirectional relationship between infectious diseases and NCDs. The interaction between infectious diseases and NCDs is a two-way process in which chronic diseases (diabetes, CVD) worsen the course of infections, while infections (HIV, COVID-19, etc.) trigger or exacerbate NCDs. Possible mechanisms linking infectious diseases and NCDs among the adult population include chronic inflammation, infectious oncogenesis, metabolic and hormonal disorders, microbiome alterations, and epigenetic changes. Modern medicine is transitioning to the concept of a "syndemic" where two or more diseases interact in such a way that they cause greater harm together than separately. When developing preventive programs, the following key aspects of interaction must be considered: the impact of NCDs on infections, the impact of infections on NCDs, and the presence of shared risk factors. Integrated management of both groups of diseases is essential for reducing mortality and improving patient's quality of life.

Biography:

Professor Mekhman Mamedov graduated from the Moscow Medical Academy named after I.M. Sechenov in 1993. He continued his medical residency at the Central Clinical Hospital of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation. In 1997, He received his PhD degree in the National Research Center for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation for research titled "Metabolic syndrome components in patients with arterial hypertension". In 2001 he wrote his doctoral thesis on "Clinical and biochemical features of metabolic syndrome and its pharmacological management". He has been working in the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine for 31 years, beginning as a researcher and eventually becoming the head of the secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. He is the author of 530 scientific works, 18 monographies in Russian, 6 monographies in English and 3 patents. Hirsch Index: RSCI: 41, Scopus: 7, Web of Science: 8. Under Dr. Mamedov’s supervision, 10 PhD and 1 doctoral thesis have been defended. Recently, He has initiated 12 research projects. Professor Mamedov M.N annually gives lectures in Russia and other countries. His research interests include: cardiometabolic disorders, lipid metabolism disorders, male health issues, cardiovascular risk assessment and correction, early markers of atherosclerosis, prediabetes and diabetes mellitus, risk factors and cardiovascular disease epidemiology, cardio-oncology, and comorbidities in internal medicine. Dr. Mamedov is the editor-in-chef of the "International heart and vascular disease journal".