Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, life-threatening condition caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which attacks the body’s immune system, specifically CD4 T-cells. Over time, HIV weakens immune defenses, making the body vulnerable to opportunistic infections and certain cancers. AIDS represents the advanced stage of HIV infection, diagnosed when CD4 cell counts fall critically low or when severe infections occur. HIV is transmitted through unprotected sexual contact, contaminated blood transfusions, shared needles, and from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. Although there is no cure, Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) effectively controls the virus, allowing individuals to live long and healthy lives while preventing transmission. Early testing, consistent treatment, education, and safe practices are essential for prevention, reducing stigma, and improving the quality of life for people living with HIV/AIDS.
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