Autism, also known as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects communication, social interaction, and behavior. It is called a spectrum disorder because symptoms and abilities vary widely among individuals. Common characteristics include difficulties with verbal and nonverbal communication, challenges in understanding social cues, repetitive behaviors, and strong preferences for routines. Autism typically appears in early childhood and continues throughout life. The exact cause is not fully understood, but genetic and environmental factors are believed to play a role. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial in supporting developmental progress. Therapies such as behavioral therapy, speech and language therapy, occupational therapy, and educational support help individuals develop skills and improve independence. With appropriate support and acceptance, people with autism can lead meaningful, productive lives and contribute uniquely to society.
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