Ecosystem Health

Ecosystem Health refers to the condition and functioning of ecosystems in terms of their resilience, biodiversity, productivity, and ability to provide essential services. A healthy ecosystem maintains balanced interactions among plants, animals, microorganisms, and their physical environment, supporting clean air and water, fertile soil, climate regulation, and disease control. Ecosystem health is increasingly threatened by pollution, habitat loss, climate change, invasive species, and unsustainable resource use. Degraded ecosystems can increase the risk of natural disasters, food insecurity, and the spread of infectious and zoonotic diseases. From a public health perspective, ecosystem health is closely linked to human health and well-being. Protecting and restoring ecosystems through conservation, sustainable land management, and ecological restoration strengthens resilience and supports long-term environmental and human health. Maintaining ecosystem health is essential for biodiversity conservation, sustainable development, and the survival of present and future generations.