Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures resulting from abnormal electrical activity in the brain. It affects people of all ages and represents a significant public health concern due to its impact on quality of life, education, employment, and social participation. In public health, epilepsy is addressed through early diagnosis, access to effective treatment, and long-term care support. Many individuals with epilepsy can achieve seizure control with appropriate medication, yet gaps in access to care and stigma remain major challenges, particularly in low-resource settings. Public health strategies focus on improving awareness, reducing discrimination, strengthening primary care capacity, and ensuring availability of essential antiepileptic medicines. Prevention efforts include addressing causes such as perinatal injury, infections, head trauma, and stroke. By integrating epilepsy care into health systems and community programs, public health initiatives can reduce disability, improve outcomes, and enhance the wellbeing of people living with epilepsy.