Health Impact Assessment

Health Impact Assessment (HIA) is a systematic public health tool used to evaluate the potential health effects of a proposed policy, program, project, or development plan before it is implemented. Its primary goal is to inform decision-makers about how different population groups may be affected and to promote actions that maximize positive health outcomes while minimizing negative impacts. HIA considers a wide range of health determinants, including environmental, social, economic, and behavioral factors such as air quality, housing, transportation, employment, and access to services. The process typically involves screening, scoping, impact analysis, stakeholder engagement, and the development of evidence-based recommendations. In public health practice, HIA supports equity-focused decision-making by identifying disproportionate impacts on vulnerable or marginalized populations. By integrating health considerations into non-health sectors, Health Impact Assessment strengthens preventive approaches, enhances intersectoral collaboration, and contributes to healthier, more sustainable communities.