Influenza

Influenza is an acute viral respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses, primarily types A and B, which circulate seasonally worldwide. It spreads easily through respiratory droplets, aerosols, and contact with contaminated surfaces. Common symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, fatigue, and headache, while severe cases can lead to pneumonia, respiratory failure, and death, particularly among elderly people, young children, pregnant women, and individuals with chronic illnesses. Influenza places a significant burden on public health systems due to seasonal outbreaks and hospitalizations. Vaccination is the most effective preventive measure and is recommended annually because influenza viruses frequently change. Additional prevention strategies include hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, early diagnosis, and antiviral treatment when appropriate. From a public health perspective, influenza surveillance helps monitor circulating strains and guide vaccine formulation. Effective influenza prevention and control reduce morbidity, mortality, healthcare costs, and the risk of widespread outbreaks.