Leprosy

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, primarily affecting the skin, peripheral nerves, upper respiratory tract, and eyes. It is transmitted through prolonged close contact with untreated individuals, mainly via respiratory droplets. Leprosy progresses slowly and, if left untreated, can lead to nerve damage, disability, deformities, and social stigma. Early symptoms include light-colored or reddish skin patches with loss of sensation, numbness, and muscle weakness. Leprosy is curable with Multidrug Therapy (MDT), which effectively stops transmission and prevents complications when started early. From a public health perspective, leprosy control focuses on early case detection, prompt treatment, contact tracing, and community awareness to reduce stigma and discrimination. Global efforts have significantly reduced disease prevalence, but leprosy remains a public health concern in some regions. Strengthening surveillance, access to care, and rehabilitation services is essential to eliminate leprosy-related disability and promote social inclusion.