Neglected Tropical Diseases

Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) are a group of communicable diseases that primarily affect populations living in poverty in tropical and subtropical regions. These diseases include lymphatic filariasis, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, onchocerciasis (river blindness), soil-transmitted helminth infections, trachoma, and several others. NTDs are often associated with poor sanitation, unsafe water, inadequate housing, and limited access to healthcare. From a public health perspective, NTDs cause chronic illness, disability, disfigurement, and social stigma, significantly reducing quality of life and economic productivity. Although they rarely cause high mortality, their long-term impact on physical and mental health is substantial. Children and marginalized communities are particularly vulnerable. Public health control strategies focus on mass drug administration, vector control, improved Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH), health education, and early case detection. Strengthening surveillance systems, integrating NTD programs into primary healthcare, and addressing social determinants of health are crucial for the sustainable elimination of neglected tropical diseases.