Obesity

Obesity is a complex chronic condition characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat that increases the risk of adverse health outcomes. It is commonly assessed using body mass index (BMI) and has become a major global public health challenge. Obesity is associated with increased risk of conditions such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, certain cancers, and musculoskeletal disorders. Contributing factors include unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, genetic predisposition, environmental influences, and socioeconomic conditions. Obesity also affects mental health, leading to stigma, low self-esteem, and depression. Public health approaches to obesity focus on prevention through promoting balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, healthy school and workplace environments, and supportive policies. Early intervention, community-based programs, and access to healthcare services are essential for effective management. Addressing obesity is crucial for improving quality of life and reducing long-term healthcare costs.