Vector Borne Diseases

Vector-Borne Diseases are illnesses transmitted to humans through vectors such as mosquitoes, ticks, flies, and fleas, and they represent a major public health challenge worldwide. These diseases include malaria, dengue, chikungunya, Zika virus infection, lymphatic filariasis, leishmaniasis, and Lyme disease. Vector-borne diseases are especially prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, where warm climates, poor sanitation, rapid urbanization, and environmental changes support vector breeding and survival. From a public health perspective, vector-borne diseases cause significant morbidity, mortality, and economic burden, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Climate change, deforestation, population movement, and inadequate housing have expanded vector habitats and increased transmission risk. Children, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals are often the most vulnerable. Public health control strategies focus on integrated vector management, including environmental sanitation, elimination of breeding sites, use of insecticide-treated nets, indoor residual spraying, and personal protective measures. Surveillance, early diagnosis, community participation, and health education are essential for outbreak prevention and long-term disease control.