Zika Virus

Zika virus is a mosquito-borne viral infection of major public health concern, primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. It can also spread through sexual contact, blood transfusion, and from mother to fetus during pregnancy. Most Zika infections are asymptomatic or mild, presenting with fever, rash, conjunctivitis, muscle pain, and headache. However, its public health significance increased after links were established between Zika infection during pregnancy and serious congenital abnormalities, including microcephaly and other neurological disorders. Zika virus infection has also been associated with Guillain–Barré syndrome in adults. From a public health perspective, Zika outbreaks highlight the importance of vector control, surveillance, and maternal health protection. There is no specific antiviral treatment or widely available vaccine, so prevention focuses on mosquito control, personal protective measures, safe sexual practices, and public awareness. Strengthening surveillance systems, prenatal screening, and community engagement is essential to reduce transmission and protect vulnerable populations, especially pregnant women, from Zika virus infection.